简答题Indirect testing attempts to measure the abilities which underlie the skills in which we are interested.简答题Placement tests are intended to identify students’ strengths and weakness，in order to primarily ascertain what further teaching is necessary.简答题Multiple choice questions are a typical example of integrative tests.简答题Final examination is a typical example of achievement tests.简答题Proficiency tests are designed to measure how successful individual students, groups of students, or the courses themselves have been in achieving objectives.简答题TOFEL and IELTS are proficiency tests.