A positive externality arises when a person engages in an activity that has (          ).
A、an adverse effect on a bystander who is not compensated by the person who causes the effect
B、an adverse effect on a bystander who is compensated by the person who causes the effect
C、a beneficial effect on a bystander who pays the person who causes the effect
D、a beneficial effect on a bystander who does not pay the person who causes the effect